Kopie van NEWS.gz van Bash 4.1, volledig

The text below is part of the documentation of the GNU Bash for Linux/Unix-systems. On most systems its location is: /usr/share/doc/bash/NEWS.gz nor

This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-4.1 since the release of bash-4.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the place to look for complete descriptions.

1. New Features in Bash

a. Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be    delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline.

b. Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file system ACLs into account on file systems that support them.

c. Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid shell variable names through into the environment passed to child processes.

d. The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command executes.

e. `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices.

f. New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty" completion: completion attempted on an empty command line.

g. New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion: a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is   attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions as completion is attempted by having the default completion function install individual completion functions each time it is invoked.

h. When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted.

i. Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries are presented first.

j. The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the    ERR trap.

k. The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting to parse commands.

l. There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to    forward all history entries to syslog.

m. A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to    child processes.

n. There is a new confgure option that forces the extglob option to be    enabled by default.

o. New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace output to that file descriptor.

p. If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator.

q. The operators to the [[ conditional command now do string    comparison according to the current locale if the compatibility level    is greater than 40.

r. Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a' when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c.

s. Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to    the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility.

t. Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is    received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only.

u. The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS characters, ignoring delimiters like newline.

v. The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via callbacks in the history list.

w. There is a new `compat40' shopt option.

2. New Features in Readline

a. New bindable function: menu-complete-backward.

b. In the vi insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete by default, and C-p to menu-complete-backward.

c. When in vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing, even when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how historical vi behaves.

d. New bindable function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a default to   consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End without having to bind all keys.

e. New application-settable function: rl_filename_rewrite_hook. Can be used to rewite or modify filenames read from the file system before they are compared to the word to be completed.

f. New bindable variable: skip-completed-text, active when completing in the middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters in the completion that match characters in the remainder of the word are "skipped" rather than inserted into the line.

g. The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as    "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version.

h. New bindable variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and the tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters corresponding to keyboard-generated signals.

i. New bindable variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not readline sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a meta key that enables eight-bit characters.

--- This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-4.0 since the release of bash-3.2. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the place to look for complete descriptions.

1. New Features in Bash

a. When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list.

b. The `help' builtin now prints its columns with entries sorted vertically rather than horizontally.

c. There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of    the current shell.

d. There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a   simple command.

e. There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and report any running or stopped jobs at exit.

f. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to    a character describing the type of completion being attempted.

g. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to    the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB).

h. If creation of a child process fails due to insufficient resources, bash will try again several times before reporting failure.

i. The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as    readline when breaking the command line into a list of words.

j. The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in    Posix mode, as Posix specifies.

k. Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out, it returns an exit status greater than 128.

l. The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by    new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command.

m. The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number    of threads) options.

n. The -p option to `declare' now displays all variable values and attributes (or function values and attributes if used with -f).

o. There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify completion options for existing completions or the completion currently being executed.

p. The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply buffer when using readline.

q. A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default behavior for completion on an empty line.

r. There is now limited support for completing command name words containing globbing characters.

s. Changed format of internal help documentation for all builtins to roughly follow man page format.

t. The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description, and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format.

u. There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a    given file. The name `readarray' is a synonym.

v. If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the function arguments.

w. There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within   them, when appropriate) recursively.

x. There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during completion.

y. The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout values.

z. Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the same number of digits.

aa. There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'. It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list.

bb. The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT, respectively.

cc. There is a new &>> redirection operator, which appends the standard output and standard error to the named file.

dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects the standard error for a command through a pipe.

ee. The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to   continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the statement rather than terminating the command.

ff. The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to   test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current action, rather than terminating the command.

gg. The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an   integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W  will retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace the intervening characters with `...'.

hh. There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or   array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally- configured feature to include capitalization operators.

ii. The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them.

jj. The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon   assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options. There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at   assignment.

kk. There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an   asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell. Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables with coproc-specific names.

ll. A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is   input available to be read from the specified file descriptor.

mm. CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged mode.

nn. New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word, which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters and honor shell quoting.

oo. New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word.

2. New Features in Readline

a. A new variable, rl_sort_completion_matches; allows applications to inhibit match list sorting (but beware: some things don't work right if   applications do this).

b. A new variable, rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to discover the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete.

c. The functions rl_block_sigint and rl_release_sigint are now public and available to calling applications who want to protect critical sections (like redisplay).

d. The functions rl_save_state and rl_restore_state are now public and available to calling applications; documented rest of readline's state flag values.

e. A new user-settable variable, `history-size', allows setting the maximum number of entries in the history list.

f. There is a new implementation of menu completion, with several improvements over the old; the most notable improvement is a better `completions browsing' mode.

g. The menu completion code now uses the rl_menu_completion_entry_function variable, allowing applications to provide their own menu completion generators.

h. There is support for replacing a prefix  of a pathname with a `...' when displaying possible completions. This is controllable by setting the `completion-prefix-display-length' variable. Matches with a common prefix longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with `...'.

i. There is a new `revert-all-at-newline' variable. If enabled, readline will undo all outstanding changes to all history lines when `accept-line' is   executed.

j. If the kernel supports it, readline displays special characters corresponding to a keyboard-generated signal when the signal is received.

--- This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.2 since the release of bash-3.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the place to look for complete descriptions.

1. New Features in Bash

a. Changed the parameter pattern replacement functions to not anchor the pattern at the beginning of the string if doing global replacement - that combination doesn't make any sense.

b. When running in `word expansion only' mode (--wordexp option), inhibit process substitution.

c. Loadable builtins now work on MacOS X 10.[34].

d. Shells running in posix mode no longer set $HOME, as POSIX requires.

e. The code that checks for binary files being executed as shell scripts now checks only for NUL rather than any non-printing character.

f. Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's  =~ operator now forces    string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.

2. New Features in Readline

a. Calling applications can now set the keyboard timeout to 0, allowing poll-like behavior.

b. The value of SYS_INPUTRC (configurable at compilation time) is now used as    the default last-ditch startup file.

c. The history file reading functions now allow windows-like \r\n line terminators.

--- This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.1 since the release of bash-3.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the place to look for complete descriptions.

1. New Features in Bash

a. Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display tracks the current locale.

b. BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created as `invisible' variables and may not be unset.

c. In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't    try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires.

d. The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify.

e. Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde expansion.

f. The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative.

g. The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals), -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks).

h. A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job specifier.

i. The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is    now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands that accept assignment statements.

j. BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed.

k. The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running in an emacs terminal window.

l. New configuration option:  --single-help-strings. Causes long help text to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation.

m. The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters to be emptied when the variable is unset.

n. An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word splitting.

o. Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup.

p. New shell option: nocasematch. If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores case when used by `case' and `[[' commands.

q. The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var. That causes the output to be placed into var instead of on stdout.

r. By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE.

s. Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it    creates, so C library functions that call getenv (and can't use the    shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables.

t. A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will build bash to be POSIX conforming by default.

u. If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now override the true terminal size.

2. New Features in Readline

a. The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically bound to delete-char.

b. A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the completion list.

c. A new bindable readline variable:  bind-tty-special-chars. If non-zero, readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline equivalents when it's called (on by default).

d. New bindable command: vi-rubout. Saves deleted text for possible reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound to this in vi command mode.

e. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of   what the kernel returns: rl_prefer_env_winsize

--- This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.0 since the release of bash-2.05b. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the place to look for complete descriptions.

1. New Features in Bash

a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape.

b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin.

c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's    idea of word break characters.

d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion will actually be performed.

e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits more extensibility and backwards compatibility.

f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines matching a line being added to be removed from the history list.

g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte character support to be disabled even on systems that support it.

h. New variables to support the bash debugger:  BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING, BASH_COMMAND

i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array variable.

j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information for the debugger.

k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution   if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active).

l. New invocation option:  --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new `extdebug' shell option.

m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to   `set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts.

n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case' command.

o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger support code.

p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information if the `extdebug' option is set.

q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a   function or sourced script forces a `return'.

r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger.

s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is    executed, for the debugger.

t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is    enabled.

u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1, x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1.

v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices) of array.

w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by    FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if they're the only possibilities.

x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu style' (filename:lineno:message) format.

y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't   result in a match.

z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the possible completions.

aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without job control.

bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to   strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out timestamp information when the history file is written.

cc. The ...  command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching.

dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default) to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in ....

ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new BASH_REMATCH array variable.

ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname expansion fails to produce a match.

gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last one.

hh. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.

ii. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.

jj. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's   messages can be translated into different languages.

kk. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'.

ll. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify the error as coming from bash.

mm. The parameter pattern removal and substitution expansions are now much faster and more efficient when using multibyte characters.

nn. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation even if job control is not enabled.

oo. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is   now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument.

2. New Features in Readline

a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier for compatibility with the BSD csh.

b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g' modifier, which performs a substitution once per word.

c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of    replacing the current line with the history line.

d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with `.'.

e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed.

f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry' function.

g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated with each entry.

h. Four new key binding functions have been added:

rl_bind_key_if_unbound rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map

i. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion function.

j. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an    application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word.

k. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted. Set before readline calls any application completion function.

l. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows the word break characters to vary based on position in the line.

m. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as   unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters.

n. When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the `mark-directories' option has been enabled.

--- This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05b since the release of bash-2.05a. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the place to look for complete descriptions.

1. New Features in Bash

a. If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin.

b. `type' has two new options:  `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and `-P' forces a $PATH search.

c. New code to handle multibyte characters.

d. `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is    reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL. The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option.

e. `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be    appended to names which are symlinks to directories.

f. There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command, like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode.

g. Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching.

h. The  $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X.

i. A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts the result into the expanded prompt.

j. The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long.

k. If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted.

l. The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set.

m. New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses readline's appending a space to the completed word.

n. New `here-string' redirection operator:  <<< word.

o. When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use   the old output would result in syntax errors).

p. There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at   allocation and free time.

q. The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service' option to complete on names from /etc/services.

r. `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor.

s. Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop.

t. Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more intuitively.

u. The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the argument if it contains non-printing characters.

v. The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option. When applied to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named function. Currently has no effect on variables.

w. The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands, ... conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops.

x. The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a   script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as   POSIX-2001 requires.

y. The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like, and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better. Code from Gary Vaughan.

z. New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup    and close).

aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'.

bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table.

cc. There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files installed into ${datadir}/bash. Not enabled by default; can be turned on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure. dd. All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except `echo'.

ee. The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following   the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/ POSIX.1-2001 compliance.

2. New Features in Readline

a. Support for key `subsequences':  allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both be bound to readline functions. Now the arrow keys may be used in vi   insert mode.

b. When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results. This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on).

c. New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters.

d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to    append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories' variable (default is the 2.05a behavior).

e. The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric argument: if the first characters on the line don't specify a    comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text

f. New application-settable completion variable: rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending slashes to names which are symlinks to directories.

g. New function available to application completion functions: rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list   completions, etc.).

h. Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode' bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'.

i. New application-settable completion variable: rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of   rl_completion_append_character to completed words.

j. New key bindings when reading an incremental search string:  ^W yanks the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string, DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string.

--- This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05a since the release of bash-2.05. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the place to look for complete descriptions.

1. New Features in Bash

a. Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a    `make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging.

b. Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX drafts.

c. Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from    ISO C99).

d. New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications (bash doesn't use very much of what it returns).

e. `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts, but ignored.

f. New read-only `shopt' option:  login_shell. Set to non-zero value if the shell is a login shell.

g. New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format.

h. New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name completion.

i. New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument.

j. New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup.

k. configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional `=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed to PATH.

l. The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added. The `ERR' trap will be run whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled. It is not inherited by shell functions.

m. `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX drafts require.

n. `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default.

o. configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities.

p. `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX drafts require.

q. The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments:  `hard', meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft limit, in addition to `unlimited' r. `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular resource when printing more than one limit.

s. `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is    one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively.

t. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're    implemented by printf(3).

u. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f).

v. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the value is assigned.

2. New Features in Readline

a. Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a    public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h).

b. New #defines in readline.h:  RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402, RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2.

c. New readline variable:  rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION.

d. New bindable boolean readline variable:  match-hidden-files. Controls completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix). Enabled by default.

e. The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a    `:first-' modifier, like csh.

f. New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'. If set, the history code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history line retrived with previous-history or next-history.

--- This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05 since the release of bash-2.04. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the place to look for complete descriptions.

1. New Features in Bash

a. Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile', per the new GNU coding standards.

b. The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as    port numbers.

c. `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are:

default - perform bash default completion if programmable completion produces no matches dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable completion produces no matches filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames, so it can do things like append slashes to                   directory names and suppress trailing spaces

d. A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks in pathname arguments. e. When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a    way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and `declare -p' as well. This only happens when the shell is not in POSIX mode, since POSIX.2 forbids this behavior.

f. Bash-2.05 once again honors the current locale setting when processing ranges within pattern matching bracket expressions (e.g., [A-Z]).

2. New Features in Readline

a. The blink timeout for paren matching is now settable by applications, via the rl_set_paren_blink_timeout function.

b. _rl_executing_macro has been renamed to rl_executing_macro, which means it's now part of the public interface.

c. Readline has a new variable, rl_readline_state, which is a bitmap that encapsulates the current state of the library; intended for use by   callbacks and hook functions.

d. New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt): expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result.

e. New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols): public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen dimensions.

f. New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns readline's idea of the screen dimensions.

g. The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function) is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout).

h. Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old variable is maintained for backwards compatibility.

i. The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is    now settable with a variable:  history_word_delimiters. The default value is as before.

--- This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.04 since the release of bash-2.03. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the place to look for complete descriptions.

1. New Features in Bash

a. The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry at position `offset'.

b. The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of    active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name.

c. The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell commands.

d. There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line.

e. The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage synopsis.

f. There are several new arithmetic operators:  id++, id-- (variable    post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variable pre-increment/decrement), expr1, expr2 (comma operator).

g. There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command: for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done

h. The `read' builtin has a number of new options: -t timeout     only wait timeout seconds for input -n nchars      only read nchars from input instead of a full line -d delim       read until delim rather than newline -s             don't echo input chars as they are read

i. The redirection code now handles several filenames specially: /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or   not they are present in the file system.

j. The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host.

k. The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all shell variables with prefix PREFIX, has been implemented.

l. There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of    a currently-executing function. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect.

m. The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently discarded. This means it can be unset.

n. A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands: complete and compgen.

o. configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the programmable completion features (enabled by default).

p. `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable completion at runtime.

q. Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion.

r. configure has a new option, `--enable-bash-malloc', replacing the old `--with-gnu-malloc' (which is still present for backwards compatibility).

s. There is a new manual page describing rbash, the restricted shell.

t. `bashbug' has new `--help' and `--version' options.

u. `shopt' has a new `xpg_echo' option, which controls the behavior of    `echo' with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime.

v. If NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS is defined, all login shells read the startup files, even if they are not interactive.

w. The LC_NUMERIC variable is now treated specially, and used to set the LC_NUMERIC locale category for number formatting, e.g., when `printf' displays floating-point numbers.

2. New features in Readline

a. Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is   changed.

b. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename.

c. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file.

d. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the line when the string to search for is empty, like {reverse,forward}-search-history.

e. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails.

f. New function for use by applications:  rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline.

g. New variable for use by applications:  rl_already_prompted. An application that displays the prompt itself before calling readline must set this to   a non-zero value.

h. A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1. The intent is that an   application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real' readline library or some substitute.

--- This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.03 since the release of bash-2.02. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the place to look for complete descriptions.

1. New Features in Bash

a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files.

b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in    array assignments (which it probably should have done all along).

c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require.

d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell.

e. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login shell startup files.

2. New Features in Readline

a. Many changes to the signal handling: o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning; o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP, SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU; o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed; o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current line after receiving a signal; o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the display and terminal state after receiving a signal; o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the terminal and display state after an application signal handler returns and readline continues

b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of    the screen size after a SIGWINCH.

c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were previously private functions with a `_' prefix.

d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts reading input, after initialization.

e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would display the list of completion matches. The new function rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available for use by application functions called via this hook.

f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh.

g. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the only thing typed was a newline.

h. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'.

i. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default).

--- This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.02 since the release of bash-2.01.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the place to look for complete descriptions.

1. New Features in Bash

a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage, and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed.

b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many changes and range checking included by default.

c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern matching.

d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'. e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements       extended `test' functionality. f.  There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2    specification. g.  There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands    to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed    (equivalent to $(cat filename)).

h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the directory stack.

i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation.

j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked: `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically.

k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by    default.

l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included. It is enabled by default.

m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled, will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user- specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is   interactive. n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format. o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct.

p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.

q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an    argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a    specified keymap. r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs and running jobs, respectively.

s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable format. t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument has been modified since it was last accessed.

u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format. v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...' translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN in hexadecimal. w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence.

x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on    a Unix machine.

2. New Features in Readline

a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history lines.

b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up   and down the screen (like `ls').

c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion and matching to be performed case-insensitively.

d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to   be inserted into the result.

e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single   completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions).

f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32 systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing buffer.

g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values.

h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added.

--- This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.01 since the release of bash-2.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the place to look for complete descriptions.

1. New Features in Bash

a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which the user belongs. This is used by the test suite.

2. New Features in Readline

a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a    numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it.

--- This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.0 since the release of bash-1.14.7. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the place to look for complete descriptions.

1. New Features in Bash

a. There is a new invocation option, -D, that dumps translatable strings in a script.

b. The `long' invocation options must now be prefixed with `--'.

c. New long invocation options:  --dump-strings, --help, --verbose

d. The `nolineediting' invocation option was renamed to `noediting'.

e. The `nobraceexpansion' and `quiet' long invocation options were removed.

f. The `--help' and `--version' long options now work as the GNU coding standards specify.

g. If invoked as `sh', bash now enters posix mode after reading the startup files, and reads and executes commands from the file named by $ENV if interactive (as POSIX.2 specifies). A login shell invoked as `sh' reads $ENV after /etc/profile and ~/.profile.

h. There is a new reserved word, `time', for timing pipelines, builtin commands, and shell functions. It uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT variable as a format string describing how to print the timing statistics.

i. The $'...' quoting syntax expands ANSI-C escapes in ... and leaves the result single-quoted.

j. The $"..." quoting syntax performs locale-specific translation of ...   and leaves the result double-quoted.

k. LINENO now works correctly in functions.

l. New variables: DIRSTACK, PIPESTATUS, BASH_VERSINFO, HOSTNAME, SHELLOPTS, MACHTYPE. The first three are array variables.

m. The BASH_VERSION and BASH_VERSINFO variables now include the shell's    `release status' (alpha[N], beta[N], release).

n. Some variables have been removed:  MAIL_WARNING, notify, history_control, command_oriented_history, glob_dot_filenames, allow_null_glob_expansion, nolinks, hostname_completion_file, noclobber, no_exit_on_failed_exec, and cdable_vars. Most of them are now implemented with the new `shopt' builtin; others were already implemented by `set'.

o. Bash now uses some new variables:  LC_ALL, LC_MESSAGES, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LANG, GLOBIGNORE, HISTIGNORE.

p. The shell now supports integer-indexed arrays of unlimited length, with a new compound assignment syntax and changes to the appropriate builtin commands (declare/typeset, read, readonly, etc.). The array index may be an arithmetic expression.

q. ${!var}: indirect variable expansion, equivalent to eval \${$var}.

r. ${paramter:offset[:length]}: variable substring extraction.

s. ${parameter/pattern[/[/]string]}: variable pattern substitution.

t. The $[...] arithmetic expansion syntax is no longer supported, in    favor of $((...)).

u. Aliases can now be expanded in shell scripts with a shell option (shopt expand_aliases).

v. History and history expansion can now be used in scripts with set -o history and set -H.

w. All builtins now return an exit status of 2 for incorrect usage.

x. Interactive shells resend SIGHUP to all running or stopped children if (and only if) they exit due to a SIGHUP.

y. New prompting expansions: \a, \e, \H, \T, \@, \v, \V.

z. Variable expansion in prompt strings is now controllable via a shell option (shopt promptvars).

aa. Bash now defaults to using command-oriented history.

bb. The history file ($HISTFILE) is now truncated to $HISTFILESIZE after being written.

cc. The POSIX.2 conditional arithmetic evaluation syntax (expr ? expr : expr) has been implemented.

dd. Each builtin now accepts `--' to signify the end of the options, except as documented (echo, etc.).

ee. All builtins use -p to display values in a re-readable format where appropriate, except as documented (echo, type, etc.).

ff. The `alias' builtin has a new -p option.

gg. Changes to the `bind' builtin: o has new options: -psPSVr. o the `-d' option was renamed to `-p' o the `-v' option now dumps variables; the old `-v' is now `-P'

hh. The `bye' synonym for `exit' was removed.

ii. The -L and -P options to `cd' and `pwd' have been documented.

jj. The `cd' builtin now does spelling correction on the directory name by default. This is settable with a shell option (shopt cdspell).

kk. The `declare' builtin has new options: -a, -F, -p.

ll. The `dirs' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -v.

mm. The new `disown' builtin removes jobs from the shell's jobs table or inhibits the resending of SIGHUP when the shell receives a   SIGHUP.

nn. The `echo' builtin has a new escape character: \e.

oo. The `enable' builtin can now load new builtins dynamically from shared objects on systems with the dlopen/dlsym interface. There are a number of examples in the examples/loadables directory. There are also new options: -d, -f, -s, -p.

pp. The `-all' option to `enable' was removed in favor of `-a'.

qq. The `exec' builtin has new options: -l, -c, -a.

rr. The `hash' builtin has a new option: -p.

ss. The `history' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -s.

tt. The `jobs' builtin has new options: -r, -s.

uu. The `kill' builtin has new options: -n signum, -l signame.

vv. The `pushd' and `popd' builtins have a new option: -n.

ww. The `read' builtin has new options: -p prompt, -e, -a.

xx. The `readonly' builtin has a new -a option, and the -n option was removed.

yy. Changes to the `set' builtin: o new options: -B, -o keyword, -o onecmd, -o history o options removed: -l, -d, -o nohash o options changed: +o, -h, -o hashall o now displays variables in a format that can be re-read as input

zz. The new `shopt' builtin controls shell optional behavior previously done by setting and unsetting certain shell variables.

aaa. The `test' builtin has new operators: -o option, s1 == s2, s1 < s2, and s1 > s2, where s1 and s2 are strings.

bbb. There is a new trap, DEBUG, executed after every simple command.

ccc. The `trap' builtin has a new -p option.

ddd. The `ulimit' builtin has a new -l option on 4.4BSD-based systems.

eee. The PS1, PS2, PATH, and IFS variables may now be unset.

fff. The restricted shell mode has been expanded and is now documented.

ggg. Security improvements: o functions are not imported from the environment if running setuid or with -p o no startup files are sourced if running setuid or with -p

hhh. The documentation has been overhauled: the texinfo manual was expanded, and HTML versions of the man page and texinfo manual are included.

iii. Changes to Posix mode: o Command lookup now finds special builtins before shell functions. o Failure of a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to exit. Failures are defined in the POSIX.2 specification. o If the `cd' builtin finds a directory to change to using $CDPATH, the value assigned to PWD when `cd' completes does not contain any symbolic links. o A non-interactive shell exits if a variable assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. o A non-interactive shell exits if the interation variable in a	 `for' statement or the selection variable in a `select' statement is read-only or another variable assignment error occurs. o The `<>' redirection operator now opens a file for both stdin and stdout by default, not just when in posix mode. o Assignment statements preceding special builtins now persist in the shell's environment when the builtin completes.

Posix mode is now completely POSIX.2-compliant (modulo bugs). When invoked as sh, bash should be completely POSIX.2-compliant.

jjj. The default value of PS1 is now "\s-\v\$ ".

kkk. The ksh-like ((...)) arithmetic command syntax has been implemented. This is exactly equivalent to `let "..."'.

lll. Integer constants have been extended to base 64.

mmm. The `ulimit' builtin now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the soft limit by default.

2. New Features in Readline

a. New variables:  enable-keypad, input-meta (new name for meta-flag), mark-directories, visible-stats (now documented), disable-completion, comment-begin.

b. New bindable commands:  kill-region, copy-region-as-kill, copy-backward-word, copy-forward-word, set-mark, exchange-point-and-mark, character-search, character-search-backward, insert-comment, glob-expand-word, glob-list-expansions, dump-variables, dump-macros.

c. New emacs keybindings:  delete-horizontal-space (M-\), insert-completions (M-*), possible-completions (M-=).

d. The history-search-backward and history-search-forward commands were modified to be the same as previous-line and next-line if point is at   the start of the line.

e. More file types are available for the visible-stats mode.

3. Changes of interest in the Bash implementation

a. There is a new autoconf-based configuration mechanism.

b. More things have been moved from Posix mode to standard shell behavior.

c. The trace output (set -x) now inserts quotes where necessary so it can be reused as input.

d. There is a compile-time option for a system-wide interactive shell startup file (disabled by default).

e. The YACC grammar is smaller and tighter, and all 66 shift-reduce conflicts are gone. Several parsing bugs have been fixed.

f. Builtin option parsing has been regularized (using internal_getopt), with the exception of `echo', `type', and `set'.

g. Builtins now return standard usage messages constructed from the `short doc' used by the help builtin.

h. Completion now quotes using backslashes by default, but honors user-supplied quotes.

i. The GNU libc malloc is available as a configure-time option.

j. There are more internationalization features; bash uses gettext if    it is available. The $"..." translation syntax uses the current locale and gettext.

k. There is better reporting of job termination when the shell is not interactive.

l. The shell is somewhat more efficient: it uses a little less memory and makes fewer system calls.

4. Changes of interest in the Readline implementation

a. There is now support for readline `callback' functions.

b. There is now support for user-supplied input, redisplay, and terminal preparation functions.

c. Most of the shell-specific code in readline has been generalized or    removed.

d. Most of the annoying redisplay bugs have been fixed, notably the problems with incremental search and excessive redrawing when special characters appear in the prompt string.

e. There are new library functions and variables available to application writers, most having to do with completion and quoting.

f. The NEWLINE character (^J) is now treated as a search terminator by the incremental search functions. ---

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